Aigul Pavel
General Information
General Information
Pavel (Mashaeva) Aigul was born in 1986.
Human rights activist of the “405” movement, online activist.
Presumably lives in the city of Galati (Romania).
Human rights activist of the “405” movement, online activist.
Presumably lives in the city of Galati (Romania).
Defender of Ablyazov sectarians
Defender of Ablyazov sectarians
In November 2020, human rights activist Aigul Pavel reported that disinformation was spreading that she was working for the money of the leader of the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan movement, banned in Kazakhstan, Mukhtar Ablyazov. According to Aigul, the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan is spreading false information about her because of her human rights activities.
However, if you look at the activities of Pavel Aigul and the “405” movement, it becomes obvious that there is a direct connection between the human rights activist herself, the movement she represents, and Ablyazov's organizations.
So, on December 20, 2019, a certain Umirbaev Darkhan made a statement on social networks that he was a member of the DVK. A few days later, Umirbaev was summoned for interrogation at the Nur-Sultan City Police Department. The Umirbaev case was closely followed by the “405” human rights movement, since “the expression of such statements is a legal and constitutionally enshrined right to freedom of expression, thought, and association.”
However, if you look at the activities of Pavel Aigul and the “405” movement, it becomes obvious that there is a direct connection between the human rights activist herself, the movement she represents, and Ablyazov's organizations.
So, on December 20, 2019, a certain Umirbaev Darkhan made a statement on social networks that he was a member of the DVK. A few days later, Umirbaev was summoned for interrogation at the Nur-Sultan City Police Department. The Umirbaev case was closely followed by the “405” human rights movement, since “the expression of such statements is a legal and constitutionally enshrined right to freedom of expression, thought, and association.”
“We call for the annulment of the decision of the Esil District Court on the DVK, which violates international obligations by banning and recognizing as an "extremist organization" absolutely peaceful citizens and opposition associations. Kazakhstan thereby violates the obligations signed and ratified in the International Pact; UN conventions; resolutions and recommendations of the European Parliament and the UN, OSCE, PACE. The Resolution of March 14, 2019 states that the European Parliament calls for an end to the persecution of alleged or actual supporters of the DVK, since the DVK is recognized as a peaceful opposition organization,” the movement’s appeal said.
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“We call for the annulment of the decision of the Esil District Court on the DVK, which violates international obligations by banning and recognizing as an "extremist organization" absolutely peaceful citizens and opposition associations. Kazakhstan thereby violates the obligations signed and ratified in the International Pact; UN conventions; resolutions and recommendations of the European Parliament and the UN, OSCE, PACE. The Resolution of March 14, 2019 states that the European Parliament calls for an end to the persecution of alleged or actual supporters of the DVK, since the DVK is recognized as a peaceful opposition organization,” the movement’s appeal said.
On May 20, 2020, several public organizations condemned the decision of the capital's court to ban the activities of the Koshe Partiyasy movement as politically motivated.
“We demand the immediate cancellation of the illegal decision on Koshe Partiyasy and call on the governments and embassies of democratic countries to publicly condemn the actions of the Kazakh authorities,” the Qaharman human rights foundation and the “405” movement said in a joint statement.
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“We demand the immediate cancellation of the illegal decision on Koshe Partiyasy and call on the governments and embassies of democratic countries to publicly condemn the actions of the Kazakh authorities,” the Qaharman human rights foundation and the “405” movement said in a joint statement.
It was emphasized that Koshe Partiyasy is an independent political movement and the statements of its activists are open, peaceful and based on the norms of the Constitution.
The civil movement "Oyan, Qazaqstan" also condemned the decision to ban "Koshe partiyasy" and announced "cleansing of the legal political field by the tyrannical regime" on the eve of the parliamentary elections.
The civil movement "Oyan, Qazaqstan" also condemned the decision to ban "Koshe partiyasy" and announced "cleansing of the legal political field by the tyrannical regime" on the eve of the parliamentary elections.
Reference: In July 2019, three metropolitan activists announced the creation of a new civil movement for the protection of human rights "Qaharman". According to them, first of all, they plan to inform the local and international community about human rights violations in Kazakhstan, as well as advocate for freedom of speech, freedom of peaceful assembly and the right of citizens to participate in elections as self-nominees.
Activist Aliya Izbasarova said that the participants in the movement will contribute to the formation of civil society, the promotion of democratic principles in Kazakhstan, and also improve the legal culture in the country. In general, Izbasarova noted, the main priorities of the movement will be freedom of speech, freedom of peaceful assembly, the right to participate in the political life of the country and the right to fair and open courts.
Activist Aliya Izbasarova said that the participants in the movement will contribute to the formation of civil society, the promotion of democratic principles in Kazakhstan, and also improve the legal culture in the country. In general, Izbasarova noted, the main priorities of the movement will be freedom of speech, freedom of peaceful assembly, the right to participate in the political life of the country and the right to fair and open courts.
With Kozlovskaya in conjunction
With Kozlovskaya in conjunction
In November 2020, three human rights organizations called on the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania to impose sanctions on the first president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, as well as a number of other high-ranking officials of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as part of their sanctions legislation under the Global Magnitsky Act.
Such a call was contained in the report “Servants of the Regime: Sanctions List of Persons Responsible for Violations of Human Rights in Kazakhstan”, published on the website of the “Open Dialog” Foundation.
Such a call was contained in the report “Servants of the Regime: Sanctions List of Persons Responsible for Violations of Human Rights in Kazakhstan”, published on the website of the “Open Dialog” Foundation.
Reference: In the spring of 2017 Tysol.pl published an article titled “The Sunday Times o Kozlowskiej, praniu brudnych pieniędzy i ros. wojnie hybrydowej. Gdzie jej obrońcy? — “Sunday Times about Kozlovskaya, money laundering and hybrid warfare. Where are her defenders?
The preface to it said: “The Sunday Times published an article about a money laundering scheme in which Scottish companies and ... the “Open Dialogue” Foundation of Lyudmila Kozlovskaya and Bartosz Kramek, those who at one time tried to provoke a “Maidan” in Poland”.
Further, the article itself stated the following: “According to the conclusions of the Moldovan parliamentary commission, the money should have been directed to the lobbying campaign of the oligarchs Ablyazov and Platon. The commission considered that Kozlovskaya and the “Open Dialogue” Foundation were involved in subversive activities against the state structures of the Republic of Moldova and that they are financed by sanctioned Russian arms companies that are connected with the special services of the Russian Federation and should participate in the hybrid war that Russia is waging with the countries of Eastern Europe.”
“In Kazakhstan, preference is given to such a version, according to which the creation of the “Open Dialogue” Foundation, which has its headquarters in Warsaw and is officially engaged in human rights activities, was inspired by the fugitive banker and oligarch Mukhtar Ablyazov in order to discredit our country in the European arena,” the media wrote.
The preface to it said: “The Sunday Times published an article about a money laundering scheme in which Scottish companies and ... the “Open Dialogue” Foundation of Lyudmila Kozlovskaya and Bartosz Kramek, those who at one time tried to provoke a “Maidan” in Poland”.
Further, the article itself stated the following: “According to the conclusions of the Moldovan parliamentary commission, the money should have been directed to the lobbying campaign of the oligarchs Ablyazov and Platon. The commission considered that Kozlovskaya and the “Open Dialogue” Foundation were involved in subversive activities against the state structures of the Republic of Moldova and that they are financed by sanctioned Russian arms companies that are connected with the special services of the Russian Federation and should participate in the hybrid war that Russia is waging with the countries of Eastern Europe.”
“In Kazakhstan, preference is given to such a version, according to which the creation of the “Open Dialogue” Foundation, which has its headquarters in Warsaw and is officially engaged in human rights activities, was inspired by the fugitive banker and oligarch Mukhtar Ablyazov in order to discredit our country in the European arena,” the media wrote.
The 130-page report was prepared by the joint efforts of three organizations – the “Open Dialogue” Foundation, the “Qaharman” Human Rights Foundation and the “405” human rights movement.
“In authoritarian Kazakhstan, members of civil society have been subjected to arbitrary detention, criminal prosecution, imprisonment, and torture for public and human rights activities, participation in peaceful protests, and criticism of the authorities on social media,” the preface to the report says. — Under the cover of the coronavirus pandemic, the authorities of Kazakhstan have further intensified political repression. The total number of politically persecuted persons in Kazakhstan is growing, primarily due to the participants in peaceful rallies. Over the past 2.5 years in different regions of Kazakhstan, more than 7,000 peaceful protesters have been subjected to forceful arbitrary detentions.”
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“In authoritarian Kazakhstan, members of civil society have been subjected to arbitrary detention, criminal prosecution, imprisonment, and torture for public and human rights activities, participation in peaceful protests, and criticism of the authorities on social media,” the preface to the report says. — Under the cover of the coronavirus pandemic, the authorities of Kazakhstan have further intensified political repression. The total number of politically persecuted persons in Kazakhstan is growing, primarily due to the participants in peaceful rallies. Over the past 2.5 years in different regions of Kazakhstan, more than 7,000 peaceful protesters have been subjected to forceful arbitrary detentions.”
On the Internet, on the 1”6/12” channel, you can find a joint video of Ablyazov’s right-hand man Lyudmila Kozlovskaya and Aigul Pavel, in which they, together, “expose the propaganda nonsense” of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
Post-January Ablyazov Madness
Post-January Ablyazov Madness
Prior to the January events in Kazakhstan, Aigul Pavel actively spoke out in defense of arrested or convicted adherents of the DVK. However, after the January pogroms in 2022, she switched to protecting those who participated in the riots.
Also, Aigul Pavel almost daily reposts publications by Lyudmila Kozlovskaya and Bota Jardemalie, in which the authorities of Kazakhstan are discredited.
In the first days of January 2022, peaceful protests began in Kazakhstan, caused by an increase in gas prices. Very quickly they turned into riots throughout the country. A particularly difficult situation developed in Almaty, where a crowd of thousands smashed shops, restaurants, banks, beat military and police officers, and set cars on fire.
The rioters seized the buildings of the city akimat (mayor’s office) and the presidential residence.
As of January 22, at least 225 people were killed, including 19 security officials, according to official figures. The Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan investigated 819 criminal cases: 45 cases of acts of terrorism, 36 – of riots, 15 – of murders. Other cases were opened in connection with robberies, thefts, theft of weapons and the use of violence against government officials.
Also, Aigul Pavel almost daily reposts publications by Lyudmila Kozlovskaya and Bota Jardemalie, in which the authorities of Kazakhstan are discredited.
In the first days of January 2022, peaceful protests began in Kazakhstan, caused by an increase in gas prices. Very quickly they turned into riots throughout the country. A particularly difficult situation developed in Almaty, where a crowd of thousands smashed shops, restaurants, banks, beat military and police officers, and set cars on fire.
The rioters seized the buildings of the city akimat (mayor’s office) and the presidential residence.
As of January 22, at least 225 people were killed, including 19 security officials, according to official figures. The Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan investigated 819 criminal cases: 45 cases of acts of terrorism, 36 – of riots, 15 – of murders. Other cases were opened in connection with robberies, thefts, theft of weapons and the use of violence against government officials.
“The largest number of those arrested – 464 – falls on cases of terrorism and riots. 226 people were detained on the facts of theft, 60 – for illegal possession and possession of weapons, 39 – for theft of weapons, 25 – for hooliganism, 21 – for robbery. At the same time, several accomplices can be detained in one criminal case,” the Prosecutor General’s Office said on January 22.
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“The largest number of those arrested – 464 – falls on cases of terrorism and riots. 226 people were detained on the facts of theft, 60 – for illegal possession and possession of weapons, 39 – for theft of weapons, 25 – for hooliganism, 21 – for robbery. At the same time, several accomplices can be detained in one criminal case,” the Prosecutor General’s Office said on January 22.
The 27-point resolution called for an end to politically motivated persecution of citizens and public associations, the release of arbitrarily detained citizens, not to hinder peaceful assemblies, and an end to arbitrary arrests and torture in Kazakhstan. The European deputies also recalled the possibility of imposing sanctions against those responsible for human rights violations. 589 deputies voted "for", 35 "against", and 47 abstained from voting.
Pavel Aigul
MP Heidi Hautala said it was necessary to know the truth about "how peaceful protests turned into violence, what elements were involved, whether they were organized, what caused the escalation, the ensuing violence and death." This requires an independent international investigation, she said.
“Strong measures are needed against kleptocrats who are trying by all means to stay in power. Let us help ensure that they are brought to justice for their crimes against their own people. The EU, together with the OSCE, the UN Human Rights Council, must ensure an independent investigation,” the MP said.
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“Strong measures are needed against kleptocrats who are trying by all means to stay in power. Let us help ensure that they are brought to justice for their crimes against their own people. The EU, together with the OSCE, the UN Human Rights Council, must ensure an independent investigation,” the MP said.
On January 29, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said there was no need for an international investigation into the January events in the country.
“As for the international investigation into the events in Kazakhstan, I do not consider it necessary to conduct such an investigation, we can handle it ourselves. We have honest and objective people who will head public commissions,” Tokayev said in an interview with the “Khabar24” TV channel.
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“As for the international investigation into the events in Kazakhstan, I do not consider it necessary to conduct such an investigation, we can handle it ourselves. We have honest and objective people who will head public commissions,” Tokayev said in an interview with the “Khabar24” TV channel.
Tokayev also said that the resolution of the European Parliament on the events in Kazakhstan is biased and premature.
“The resolution is not binding, it is a recommendatory resolution. This is the second time they are adopting a resolution on Kazakhstan, moreover, biased, premature in this case. My attitude towards this resolution is extremely calm,” the President said.
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“The resolution is not binding, it is a recommendatory resolution. This is the second time they are adopting a resolution on Kazakhstan, moreover, biased, premature in this case. My attitude towards this resolution is extremely calm,” the President said.
K. Tokayev stated that the resolution was dictated by lobbyists who work on the orders of people who once left Kazakhstan.
“Lobbyists work on the orders of our people, who at one time left Kazakhstan, having earned a lot of money in our country and are now spending on organizing certain demonstrations, playing people off, acting on the principle: the worse, the better,”Tokayev said.
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“Lobbyists work on the orders of our people, who at one time left Kazakhstan, having earned a lot of money in our country and are now spending on organizing certain demonstrations, playing people off, acting on the principle: the worse, the better,”Tokayev said.
And he turned out to be right.
The day after the adoption of the resolution by the European Parliament, Lyudmila Kozlovskaya, an assistant to Mukhtar Ablyazov, announced this on social networks. True, in the paragraphs of the document concerning the January pogroms, she casually inserted the following:
The day after the adoption of the resolution by the European Parliament, Lyudmila Kozlovskaya, an assistant to Mukhtar Ablyazov, announced this on social networks. True, in the paragraphs of the document concerning the January pogroms, she casually inserted the following:
“The Groundlessness of Imprisoning Political Prisoners and Persecuted Persons Who Are Prosecuted in the Case of Banning the Peaceful Opposition Movements of the DVK and Koshe Partiyasa.”
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“The Groundlessness of Imprisoning Political Prisoners and Persecuted Persons Who Are Prosecuted in the Case of Banning the Peaceful Opposition Movements of the DVK and Koshe Partiyasa.”
In fact, there was no such clause in the 2022 resolution. The document, which mentioned two political offspring of Ablyazov, was adopted in February 2021.
The European Parliament concluded that the Kazakh government "improperly used restrictions during the coronavirus pandemic as an excuse to increase political repression."
The document mentioned the Koshe Partiyasy movement and the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan, "banned by secret court decisions that classified them as 'extremist organizations'." The resolution referred to 17 leaders of the Koshe Partiyasy, who were "threatened with long prison terms", as well as 26 "political prisoners who were victims of political persecution due to the fact that they supported these movements."
The resolution also mentioned lawsuits against Elena Semyonova, who defends the rights of prisoners. Several colonies of the country and their employees filed a lawsuit against the human rights activist with accusations of libel.
The European Parliament called on the Kazakh authorities to immediately release and rehabilitate all political prisoners, and to stop using “anti-extremist legislation” against supporters of peaceful opposition movements and the Criminal Code “against activists, bloggers and others for exercising their right to freedom of expression.”
The European Parliament called for the safety of ethnic Kazakhs and other minorities who fled concentration camps in China.
In addition, the European Parliament recalled the existence of “the recently approved EU global sanctions regime in the field of human rights, which allows the EU to prosecute those responsible for serious violations of human rights around the world” and called on “the Vice President of the European Commission / High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security to consider imposition of targeted sanctions against persons in Kazakhstan guilty of human rights violations”.
Obviously, such documents were not adopted without the intervention of Lyudmila Kozlovskaya (who is not even a citizen of Kazakhstan) and her comrade-in-arms Bota Jardemalie. This is confirmed by the fact that in mid-June, on the sidelines of the summer session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) in Strasbourg (France), Jardemalie and Kozlovskaya held meetings with the deputies of the member countries of the Council of Europe. They "presented to the deputies a new report on the situation with human rights in Kazakhstan and a list of political prisoners, victims of torture, politically prosecuted in criminal cases."
The European Parliament concluded that the Kazakh government "improperly used restrictions during the coronavirus pandemic as an excuse to increase political repression."
The document mentioned the Koshe Partiyasy movement and the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan, "banned by secret court decisions that classified them as 'extremist organizations'." The resolution referred to 17 leaders of the Koshe Partiyasy, who were "threatened with long prison terms", as well as 26 "political prisoners who were victims of political persecution due to the fact that they supported these movements."
The resolution also mentioned lawsuits against Elena Semyonova, who defends the rights of prisoners. Several colonies of the country and their employees filed a lawsuit against the human rights activist with accusations of libel.
The European Parliament called on the Kazakh authorities to immediately release and rehabilitate all political prisoners, and to stop using “anti-extremist legislation” against supporters of peaceful opposition movements and the Criminal Code “against activists, bloggers and others for exercising their right to freedom of expression.”
The European Parliament called for the safety of ethnic Kazakhs and other minorities who fled concentration camps in China.
In addition, the European Parliament recalled the existence of “the recently approved EU global sanctions regime in the field of human rights, which allows the EU to prosecute those responsible for serious violations of human rights around the world” and called on “the Vice President of the European Commission / High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security to consider imposition of targeted sanctions against persons in Kazakhstan guilty of human rights violations”.
Obviously, such documents were not adopted without the intervention of Lyudmila Kozlovskaya (who is not even a citizen of Kazakhstan) and her comrade-in-arms Bota Jardemalie. This is confirmed by the fact that in mid-June, on the sidelines of the summer session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) in Strasbourg (France), Jardemalie and Kozlovskaya held meetings with the deputies of the member countries of the Council of Europe. They "presented to the deputies a new report on the situation with human rights in Kazakhstan and a list of political prisoners, victims of torture, politically prosecuted in criminal cases."
“The delegation of Kazakhstan and lobbyists hired by the authorities of Kazakhstan are trying to convince the Council of Europe to accept Kazakhstan as a member country, BUT (most importantly) – without Kazakhstan ratifying the European Convention on Human Rights. That is, the authorities of Kazakhstan want to enjoy all the benefits of membership in the Council of Europe, but at the same time continue to violate human rights. Representatives of the authorities of Kazakhstan are spreading propaganda in the Council of Europe that Kazakhstan has allegedly switched to a parliamentary form of government, about supposedly democratic transformations in Kazakhstan,” Ablyazov’s ladies said.
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“The delegation of Kazakhstan and lobbyists hired by the authorities of Kazakhstan are trying to convince the Council of Europe to accept Kazakhstan as a member country, BUT (most importantly) – without Kazakhstan ratifying the European Convention on Human Rights. That is, the authorities of Kazakhstan want to enjoy all the benefits of membership in the Council of Europe, but at the same time continue to violate human rights. Representatives of the authorities of Kazakhstan are spreading propaganda in the Council of Europe that Kazakhstan has allegedly switched to a parliamentary form of government, about supposedly democratic transformations in Kazakhstan,” Ablyazov’s ladies said.
Both Jardemalie and Lyudmila Kozlovskaya “debunked the myth of the allegedly strong Tokayev, who at an economic forum in Russia said that he did not recognize the LNR and the DNR, which is only an image of “Independence” to help Putin bypass Western sanctions. They also noted the economic expansion of Russia in Kazakhstan.”
“Russia is intensively looking for ways to circumvent sanctions from democratic countries. China and the government of Kazakhstan are helping Russia in this. Large columns of main tractors travel from China through Kazakhstan to Samara (Russia's transport hub). In addition, the Kazakhs are also deploying their troops allegedly "for exercises" in the direction of Russia. In the period from February 11, 2022 to March 17, 2022, Kazakhstanis recorded and warned human rights activists/opposition about the movement of military equipment in Kazakhstan from the southern part of the country to the north, in the direction of Russia,” Jardemalie and Kozlovskaya told MPs.
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“Russia is intensively looking for ways to circumvent sanctions from democratic countries. China and the government of Kazakhstan are helping Russia in this. Large columns of main tractors travel from China through Kazakhstan to Samara (Russia's transport hub). In addition, the Kazakhs are also deploying their troops allegedly "for exercises" in the direction of Russia. In the period from February 11, 2022 to March 17, 2022, Kazakhstanis recorded and warned human rights activists/opposition about the movement of military equipment in Kazakhstan from the southern part of the country to the north, in the direction of Russia,” Jardemalie and Kozlovskaya told MPs.
In their report, the “human rights activists” frankly manipulated unreliable information. Thus, they stated that “the Kazakh authorities, under threat of criminal prosecution, hostage-taken family members are forced to join the ranks of conscripts on March 27, 2022 to leave to fight in Ukraine.”
Moreover, Lyudmila Kozlovskaya and Bota Jardemalie called on the Kazakhs to sway the situation within the country and created a very serious diplomatic problem for Kazakhstan:
Moreover, Lyudmila Kozlovskaya and Bota Jardemalie called on the Kazakhs to sway the situation within the country and created a very serious diplomatic problem for Kazakhstan:
“What should Kazakhstanis do? Clearly state one's position against the support of the Tokayev/Nazarbayev regime for the war against Ukraine. Call on the international community:
1) to impose personal sanctions on Nazarbayev, members of his family and his oligarchs, in order to prevent the transfer of their assets to Putin's structures (now this is exactly the exist strategy for Nazarbayev and his family). This is how Putin will circumvent Western sanctions.
2) impose personal sanctions on Tokayev for "inviting" the CSTO troops to suppress mass peaceful protests in Kazakhstan, and then assisting Russia in obtaining military assistance, including from China, for military aggression against Ukraine.
3) personal sanctions are needed against Russian and Kazakh officials who gave the order to open fire on civilians of Kazakhstan and are responsible for massacres, repressions, falsification of criminal cases, beatings and torture.”
1) to impose personal sanctions on Nazarbayev, members of his family and his oligarchs, in order to prevent the transfer of their assets to Putin's structures (now this is exactly the exist strategy for Nazarbayev and his family). This is how Putin will circumvent Western sanctions.
2) impose personal sanctions on Tokayev for "inviting" the CSTO troops to suppress mass peaceful protests in Kazakhstan, and then assisting Russia in obtaining military assistance, including from China, for military aggression against Ukraine.
3) personal sanctions are needed against Russian and Kazakh officials who gave the order to open fire on civilians of Kazakhstan and are responsible for massacres, repressions, falsification of criminal cases, beatings and torture.”
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“What should Kazakhstanis do? Clearly state one's position against the support of the Tokayev/Nazarbayev regime for the war against Ukraine. Call on the international community:
1) to impose personal sanctions on Nazarbayev, members of his family and his oligarchs, in order to prevent the transfer of their assets to Putin's structures (now this is exactly the exist strategy for Nazarbayev and his family). This is how Putin will circumvent Western sanctions.
2) impose personal sanctions on Tokayev for "inviting" the CSTO troops to suppress mass peaceful protests in Kazakhstan, and then assisting Russia in obtaining military assistance, including from China, for military aggression against Ukraine.
3) personal sanctions are needed against Russian and Kazakh officials who gave the order to open fire on civilians of Kazakhstan and are responsible for massacres, repressions, falsification of criminal cases, beatings and torture.”
1) to impose personal sanctions on Nazarbayev, members of his family and his oligarchs, in order to prevent the transfer of their assets to Putin's structures (now this is exactly the exist strategy for Nazarbayev and his family). This is how Putin will circumvent Western sanctions.
2) impose personal sanctions on Tokayev for "inviting" the CSTO troops to suppress mass peaceful protests in Kazakhstan, and then assisting Russia in obtaining military assistance, including from China, for military aggression against Ukraine.
3) personal sanctions are needed against Russian and Kazakh officials who gave the order to open fire on civilians of Kazakhstan and are responsible for massacres, repressions, falsification of criminal cases, beatings and torture.”